d. berZeniSvili
warmarTuli nayofierebis qandakebebi quTaisis muzeumidan
Tanamedrove msoflioSi, mcire gamonaklisis garda,
erTRmerTianobaa gabatonebuli. qristianebi aRiareben ieso qristes, ebraelebi _
iahves, indoelebi _ budas, arabebi _ alahs, magram am RmerTebis miRebamde
msoflio xalxebSi da maT Soris qarTvelebSic, uZvelesi qvis xanidan adreul
Suasaukuneebamde, arsebobda warmarTuli sarwmunoeba, romelic mravalRmerTianobaze
iyo dafuZnebuli.
warmarTuli RmerTebis
panTeonidan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia ZvelwarmarTul msoflioSi didad
gavrcelebuli nayofierebis RvTaeba, romlis simbolos warmoadgenda mamakacisa da
dedakacis sqesobrivi aso (falosi da kteisi), rogorc adamianisa da dedamiwis
gamanayofierebel RvTaebas gansakuTrebul Tayvans scemdnen da is xalxTa
warmodgenaSi, ufro metad orsqesovan arsebad iyo warmodgenili, amitom xSirad mas
qalis sxeuliTa da mamakacis asoTi aqandakebdnen.
adamianis kosmiur warmodgenaTa
ganviTarebisa da cvalebadobis istoria adasturebs, rom yvela xalxs ganviTarebis
gansazRvrul safexurze nayofierebis RvTaebisadmi ori msoflmxedveloba hqonda,
erTis mxriv adamianisa da bunebis cxovrebis wyarod miRebuli iyo mdedrobiTi
sawyisi, meores Tanaxmad _ mamrobiTi. pirveli Sexeduleba Seefardeba
matriarqaluri sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis formebs,
meore _ patriarqalurs.
aRniSnuli msoflmxedvelobaTa
Tanmimdevrul cvlas adgili hqonda yvela xalxis cxovrebaSi, romlebmac ganvles
kulturuli ganviTarebis safexurebi. kacobriobis ganviTarebis istoria adasturebs,
rom cvlis procesSi erTi ideologia savsebiT ver gandevnis meores, ufro xSirad
Cven vxvdebiT adamianisa da bunebis warmoSobis sakiTxs, ase vTqvaT, Tavisebur
kompromisul gadawyvetas, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom yoveli arsebulis Semoqmed
Zalad miiCneva orive elementis Serwyma.
amas adasturebs quTaisis
muzeumSi daculi qandakeba (sur. 1.),
romelic SemTxveviT 1914 w. mdinaris napiras sof. fersaTSia (baRdadis r.)
napovni [d. berZeniSvili 1984: 64].
monoliTuri figura warmoadgens mamakacis
iTifalur qandakebas (simaRle _ 32 sm.,), romlis odnav ganze gamdgari fexebi
myarad dgas kvarcxlbekze (5X7,5sm.). qandakebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia viwro, mogrZo
torsi (sigane _ 2,5 sm.), metad ganieri mxrebi (sigane 9,5 sm.) da sxeulis zeda
nawilTan SedarebiT mokle fexebi; figuris saxe mogrZo da brtyelia; farTo Tvalebi
da piri Rrma fosoebSia Camjdari; aqvs kexiani cxviri, odnav win wamoweuli
nikapi da xSiri Tma; saxis nakvTebi sakmaod mkacria da mnaxvelze efeqtur
STabeWdilebas axdens, orive xeli idayvSi moxrilia da win gawvdili TiTebi
mokumSuli; falosi aRgznebulia da naturaluradaa gadmocemuli; figuras ukana
mxares (sur. 2.) grZeli Tma kiserze
aqvs damagrebuli, amave dros, mocemulia didi mkerdi, ganieri TeZoebi, sajdomi
da daviwroebuli weli, romelic zogadad qalis sxeulisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli,
ris gamoc figura udaod orsqesovan arsebas unda warmoadgendes. kiserze da
xelebis zemo nawilze gamoyvanilia gravirebuli morTuloba, romelic Cveni azriT,
ar unda hqmnides mxolod ubralod dekoratiul motivs da mas astraluri, simboluri
daniSnuleba unda hqondes, kerZod is dakavSirebuli unda iyos gaCenis, dabadebis,
Seqmnis ideasTan [m. ivaSCenko, 1941:
43].
figuris dgomis myari poza,
sxeulis nawilebis proporciebi da saxis gamosaxulebis garkveuli simkacre
monumenturi qandakebis iers iZleva.
qandakebis ukana mxares mTel
sigrZze gakeTebuli Rari, Cveni azriT, unda niSnavdes sicocxlis da nayofierebis
xes (RvTaebrivi xe, ,,xe cxovrebisa”, ,,xe cnobadisa da keTilisa”). Rars wverze
paraleluri Wdeebi gadadis.
sicocxlisa da nayofierebis xes
yvela Zvel xalxSi: asurelebSi, babilonelebSi, SumerebSi, xeTebSi da sxv.
ukvdavebis, sibrZnis, codnis da gansakuTrebiT nayofierebis simboloa. saqarTveloSi
igi Cndeba jer kidev Zv.w. III aTaswleulSi, xolo TrialeTis Sua brinjaos xanis
vercxlis sasmisis Tasze gamoxatulia rituali, romelsac saTemo RvTaebebi
asruleben satomo RvTaebis karze, sadac aRmocenebulia sicocxlisa da nayofierebis
xe [S. amiranaSvili 1971: 58].
,,sicocxlis xe” sxvadasxva
xalxis kulturaSi vlindeba, rogorc samyaros xateba da aerTianebs sam kosmiur
zonas _ zecas, miwas, qvesknels. qarTvelTa cnobierebaSi xis simbolikas udidesi
mniSvneloba hqonda, eTnografiuli monacemebi adastureben, rom saqarTveloSi
gavrcelebuli iyo wes-Cveuleba, romelis mixedviTac axalSobilis saxelze rgavdnen xes,
xolo gardacvalebisas _Wridnen. [m.
beriSvili, z. sxirtlaZe, 1984: 140].
wminda xeTa Soris saqarTveloSi
yvelaze metad gavrcelebuli iyo muxis, cacxvis da alvis xis Tayvaniscema,
romlebzec uamrav Sesawiravs hkidebdnen. Cveni winaprebis warmodgeniT xe cocxali
arseba iyo. mas Tavisi sakuTari suli gaaCnda. SemdgomSi xe wminda arsebebis,
RvTaebebis samyofeli gaxda [v.
bardaveliZe, 1957: 55].
saqarTvelos mxareebSi:
xevsureTSi, fSavSi, TuSeTSi da mTel rig soflebSi, sadac eklesia ar aris
aSenebuli wminda xeebis Tayvaniscema dRemdea SemorCenili [s. makalaTia, 1934: 28].
marTalia, figura sqematuri da mouxeSavia, magram
Sesrulebis Tavisufali manera erTgvar mimzidvelobasac aniWebs.
formaTa eqspresiulobisa da Tavisuflebis
miuxedavad, figura abstraqtul STabeWdilebas ar tovebs, igi nayofierebis aqtSi
mniSvnelovani gaxda, radgan ,,dagrovili empiruli codniT gamanayofiereblis
gareSe ganayofiereba SeuZlebelia” [t.
CubinaSvili, 1978: 14].
qandakeba axlos dgas yazbegis ganZSi Semaval
pirveli jgufis qandakebebTan [l.
wiTlaniZe, 1976: 33]. isini pirisaxis gadmocemis maneriT, iTifalobiT,
xelebis mdgomareobiT, mxrebiTa da welis moyvanilobiT erTmaneTs waagavs.
garda zemoaRniSnuli qandakebebisa, fersaTis
statuetkis analogiuri arian gurjaanis raionis sof. melaanis maxloblad
aRmoCenili anTropomorfuli figurebi [k.
ficxelauri, 1973: 157] da kaWreTTan napovni qandakeba [g. javaxiSvili, 1974: 55].
stilisturi monacemebiTa da paraleluri ZeglebiT
fersaTis qandakeba, Cveni azriT, unda daTariRdes Zv. w. VIII-VII saukuneebiT.
sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu saidan da rogor warmoiSva
falosis kulti, mecnierTaSoris azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs. germaneli mecnieris
e. hanis azriT falosis gaRmerTeba da Tayvaniscema gamomdinareobs adamianis im primitiuli
rwmenidan, rodesac man ukve icoda sqesobrivi asos, rogorc gamanayofierebeli
Zalis mniSvneloba, da dedamiwa warmodgenili hqonda, rogorc deda _ RvTaebis
sqesobrivi organo, saxnisi ki, rogorc mamakacis aso (falosi) [e. tailori, 1989: 79], magram
mkvlevarTa umravlesoba falosis kults animistur rwmenas ukavSirebs, rodesac pirvelyofil
adamians mTeli buneba gasulierebulad hqonda warmodgenili da Tavisi sxeulis
yovel nawilSi is calke sulis arsebobas grZnobda. miTumetes, rom man icoda
sasqeso asos gamanayofierebeli Zala, misi impulsuri moqmedebani [m. kosveni, 1971: 69]. mecnierTa azriT, swored amgvari SegrZnebidan unda warmoSobiliyo sasqeso
asos gaRmerTeba. adamianis sqesobrivi asos gaRmerTeba Semdeg gadatanili iqna
cxovelebze da mcenareebzec, romelTa ganayofierebisa da gamravlebis procesi
adamianisagan TiTqos arafriT ar gansxvavdeba, amitom falosis misteriebi
imarTeboda zafxulze, rodesac buneba iRviZebda da nayofierdeboda. agreTve
Semodgomazec, roca damwifebuli nayofi ikrifeboda da sazamTro pureuli iTeseboda.
falosis
misteriebTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli quTaisis muzeumis arqeologiis fondSi
daculi iTifaluri qandakebebi antromorfuli da zoomorfuli gamosaxulebebiT,
romelTaTvis damaxasiaTebelia moZravi poza, mkafiod gamosaxuli iTifaloba da
romelime cxovelis atrobuti (sur. 3.).
Zvel
saberZneTSi faliuri kultis klasikur qveyanas saberZneTi warmoadgenda, falosi
Tavdapirvelad fetiSi iyo da SemdgomSi TandaTan gadaiqca im RvTaebaTa atributad,
romelic bunebis warmomSob Zalebs ganasaxierebdnen.
Zvel
saberZneTSi da romSi faloss Tilismis Zalas aZlevdnen da avTvalis winaaRmdeg
iyenebdnen. klasikuri xanis saberZneTSi falosi gamosaxvda RmerTebis dionises,
hermesis, priamosisa da afrodites simbolos
[d. tompsoni, 1958: 225]. dionises misteriebSi, romelic Semodgomaze yurZnis
krefisas da yovel gazafxulze imarTeboda, umTavres rols falosis qandakeba TamaSobda,
romelsac wiTeli tyavisagan akeTebdnen da joxze wamocmuls Sua procesSi
atarebdnen. misteriebSi monawileebs yelze da gverdebze ekidaT patara falosebi.
faloss sofel-sofel atarebdnen, raTa naTesi avi sulebisagan daecvaT. qorwilSi
patarZals falosze svamdnen, viTom amiT is Tavis umankoebas swiravda. garda
amisa, arsebobda falosis RvTaebis sadidebeli simRerebi da saTamaSoebi [j. ruxaZe, 1982: 37, 38]. Tanamedrove
kulturul erTa Soris falosis kulti dRemde iaponiaSia daculi da miuxedavad
mTavrobis gankargulebisa misi akrZalvis Sesaxeb, iaponiis mdabio xalxi mas
dResac Tayvans scems. isini akeTeben sxvadasxva saxis falosebs, umetesad
wamoziduli kldeebis da grZeli naxevarkunZulebis gansaxierebiT.
iaponiaSi
faloss sxvadasxva zomisas da sxvadasxva nivTierebisgan amzadeben da Tan
atareben, rogorc Tilismas. maTi rwmeniT falosi da kteisi adamians hkurnavs
sasqeso organos tkivilebisgan da orsuls mSobiarobas umsubuqebs [l. Steribergi, 1936: 30].
falosis kulti
gavrcelebulia indoeTSic. budizmi misdami rwmeniTaa gaJRenTili, rac aSkarad aris
gamoxatuli indoelebis RvTaebaTa erotiul mxatvroba-qandakebaSi. aRsaniSnavia,
rom indoeTis erT-erTi taZris (,,Savi pogoda”) fasadze mocemulia moZRvreba
siyvarulis xelovnebis Sesaxeb, romelic Seqmnilia II saukuneSi qristes
dabadebamde da sadidebel himns uZRvnis falossa da kteiss, rogorc nayofierebisa
da sicocxlis momniWebel RvTaebas, magram falosi gansakuTrebiT dakavSirebuli iyo
indur RvTaebaTa ,,SivasTan”, rogorc Casaxvis da aRorZinebis RvTaebasTan, romlis
simbolodac is iqca [n. wulukiZe, 2014:
97].
falosis
misteriebs didi adgili aqvs daTmobili qarTuli warmarTuli miTologiis wiaRidan
momdinare berikaoba-yeenobis dResaswaulSi, romelic adrian gazafxulze
imarTeboda, yvelieris kviraSi. am dResaswaulis mTavari moqmedi piris berikas,
Tu yeenis, erT-erT ritualur sagans warmoadgenda wiTlad SeRebili falosi _
,,konkila”, romelic mas welze hqonda Semortymuli.
yeeni
axaldaqorwinebulTa ojaxis patrons dResaswauls miulocavda, karg mosavals
usurvebda, Tavis sabrZanebelze dajdeboda da falosiT miwas Seexeboda. amave dResaswaulze
yeeni faloss marils moayrida, Rvinos daasxamda, dalocavda, moixsnida, wyalSi
Caagdebda da ityoda: ,,wadi, gamravldi qveyanaze kargi mosavali moiyvaneo” [j. ruxaZe, 1966: 12]. aseTi moqmedeba
yeenisa, Tu berikasi mimaniSnebelia imaze, rom falosi nayofierebis RvTaebis
simbolos warmoadgenda, romelic ojaxis dovlaTianobas mfarvelobda.
falosis kults
didi adgili hqonda daTmobili svaneTSi arsebul saxalxo wesebSi da ritualebSi,
romlebic ,,parikelas”, ,,adrekilais”, ,,saqmisais” da ,,melia telefais” saxelwodebiTaa
cnobili. aRniSnuli dResaswaulebi adrian gazafxulze imarTeboda. sofel JabeSSi
Tovlisagan ,,muryvams” anu koSks aagebdnen, romelsac SuaSi maRal xes
Caatandnen. am xis wverze Zvel kalaTs an sacers Camoacvamdnen, or xis xmals da
amas garda xisgan gamoTlil faloss Camokidebdnen. kalaTa an saceris Ziri svanTa
rwmeniT nayofierebis simbolos warmoadgenda. ymawvilebi TavianTi wridan or
meTaurs irCevdnen, romelTagan erTs ,,yaini” ewodeboda, meores kidev
,,saqmisai”. ,,yainsa” da ,,saqmisais” Soris imarTeboda Widaoba. Widaobis
damTavrebis Semdeg _ cekva da ferxuli simReriT. mzis Casvlisas koSks angrevdnen
da xezed Camocmul sagnebs itacebdnen. koSkis daSlisas saiTac xe gadaixreboda im
mimarTulebiT mdebare soflisTvis kargi mosavali iyo mosalodneli [iv. javaxiSvili, 1979: 105].
nayofierebis
RvTaebis Tayvaniscemaze miuTiTebs falosis marmarilos
aseTive formis
sakulto qvebi daculia sof. araxlos wm. giorgis eklesiaSi, mTiuleTSi, sof.
sairxeSi [j. nadiraZe, 1990: 102] da
bevr sxva adgilebSi.
nayofierebis
sakulto qvebis aseTi simravle adasturebs falosis da kteisis Tayvaniscemas,
romelic qarTul warmarTul xalxur dResaswaulebSi aris Semonaxuli. ise, rogorc
faloss, aseve kteissac Tayvans scemdnen da mas didi adgili eWira, rogorc
adreuli xanis, aseve Zveli aRmosavleTis civilizebuli samyaros agrarul
misteriebSi.
kteisis kulti
gavrcelebuli iyo rasobrivad gansxvavebul da teritoriulad sruliad mowyvetil
xalxebs Soris.
saqarTvelos
teritoriaze eneoliTis xanaSi garkveviT ikveTeba nayofierebisa da sicocxlis mfarveli
RvTaebis ,,didi dedis” kulti, romlis ikonografia qalis mcire zomis qandakebebiT
aris warmodgenili.
qalis
terakotuli figurebi dakavSirebulia sicocxlisa da nayofierebis kultTan da ,,didi
dedis” bunebis mfarvel Zalas ganasaxiereben [b. kuftini, 1941: 131]. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom uZvelesi xelovnebis
nimuSebi swored qalis figurebia. es figurebi ukve zeda paleoliTidan gvxvdeba da
mkveTrad gamokveTili aqvT qalis nayofierebasTan dakavSirebuli organoebi.
qvisa da Zvlis
damuSavebis teqnikis Semdgomi srulyofa, romlesac Tan sdevda adamianis gonebrivi
ganviTareba da bunebis Zalebis ufro Rrmad Semecneba, iwvevda ,,didi dedis”
kultis Semdgom ganviTarebas. ,,didi deda” ojaxis keTildReobis mfarvelidan
nel-nela nayofierebis qalRvTaebad iqca da xdeba am kultis ufro metad
ganzogadeba.
,,didi dedis”
kulti ganviTarebis kulminaciur wertils aRwevs warmoebiT meurneobaze gadasvlis
periodSi, rodesac nayofiereba ufro metad aris damokidebuli bunebaze, vidre
adamianis cdaze [i. kikviZe, 1976: 53].
Tavdapirvelad
,,didi deda”, ,,RmerTebis deda” sxvadasxva saxeliT gvxvdeba, xolo ufro gvian
misi kulti gaformda, rogorc qalRmerT ,,kibelas” Tayvaniscema. kibelas, romelic
maradmoqmed, sicocxlis momniWebel bunebis Zalas ganasaxierebs, uZvelesi droidan
Tayvans scemdnen mcire aziaSi. am kultis samSoblod miCneulia frigia, saidanac
is gavrcelda lidiaSi, lakoniaSi, biTviniaSi, kapadokiaSi da mcire aziis sxva
qveynebSi [e. antonova, 1977: 67].
nayofierebis
mdedrobiTi sqesisi RvTaebas Sumerebi uwodebdnen ninas, nanas, (ninni, inina).
iberiaSi aininasa da dananas saxeliT moixsenieben da maTi kerpebi, qarTuli
werilobiTi wyaroebis mixedviT mcxeTaSi an mis SemogarenSi iyo aRmarTuli [qarTlis cxovreba, 1975: 55]. asureTsa
da babilonSi mas Tayvans scemdnen iSTaris saxeliT da sxv. nayofierebis
qalRmerTi iTvleboda yvela gareuli cxovelis, nadirobisa da monadireobis
mfarvelad. xSirad, gansakuTrebiT xeTebis xelovnebaSi igi warmodgenilia lomebze
amxedrebuli. misi kulti farTod iyo gavrcelebuli mcire aziaSi da Savi zRvis
CrdiloeT sanapiroze [n. keWeRmaZe, 1961:
34,35].
,,RmerTebis
dedis”, anu ,,didi dedis” kulti farTod yofila gavrcelebuli saqarTveloSic,
rogorc v. bardaveliZe aRniSnavs ,,didi dedis” Tayvaniscema qarTvel tomebSi jer
kidev gvarovnuli wyobilebis rRvevis xanas ganekuTvneba [v. bardaveliZe, 1957: 61].
,,RmerTebis
didi deda”, romelic qarTul sawesCveulebo simRerebSi nanad iwodeboda,
warmoadgenda nayofierebis, bunebis gamacocxlebel da siyvarulis RvTaebas,
mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli cxovelur samyarosTan, mcenareebTan da sinotivesTan.
quTaisis
muzeumSi daculia qandakeba (sur. 5.),
romelic warmoadgens mSvid pozaSi mjdomare qalis mcire zomis statuetkas, simaRle
5 sm., orive fexi motexili aqvs. mouxeSavad aris gamoZerwili da yalibSi
Casxmuli.
figura
tlanqadaa modelirebuli, saxis nakvTebi da yeli miRebulia sakmaod daudevrad.
aqvs sqematurad gadmocemuli didi zomis yurebi, cxviri da Tvalebi. amis gamo,
pirisaxis gamosaxulebaSi darRveulia harmoniuloba da qandakeba groteskul iers
iZens, rac mis magiur daniSnulebaze miuTiTebs [v. bardaveliZe, 1957: 61].
figuris ukana
mxares (sur.6), kefaze Sekruli
nawnavi welamde eSveba. torsi sworia da Tavisuflad gadadis qveda nawilSi, rac
jdomis pozas ufro met bunebrivobas aniWebs. mkerdi odnav SeimCneva. mklavebi
idayvSi moxrilia da gul-mkerdiskenaa mimarTuli. marcxena xelis mtevani motexili
aqvs, xolo marjvena _ wverwamaxuli da mTlianobaSia warmodgenili. xelis mtevani
TiTqmis yelTanaa mibjenili. figuras xedvis ZiriTadi wertili frontaluria.
qalis xelebis
mkerdTan mitana vedrebis gamomxatvel Sinaarss unda warmoadgendes da aRniSnuli
qandakeba dakavSirebuli unda iyos winamorbed aRmosavlur RmerTebTan, romlebic
iTvlebian nayofierebis warmarTul RvTaebebad [m. xidaSeli, 1984: 140].
figura
Sesrulebis maneriT primitiulia. ostati srulyofilad ver flobs qandakebis
gamokveTis xelovnebas da misi yuradReba ZiriTadad Sinaarssa da ideazea
gadatanili. rogorc Cans, figuris SemqmnelisaTvis, mTavari iyo sxeulis calkeuli
tradiciuli elementi gamoesaxa, ris gamoc qandakeba naturaluris nacvlad
sqematuri xdeba
qandakeba
brinjaosganaa Camosxmuli, muzeumSi Semosulia sofel gorisas (saCxeris r.) wminda
giorgis eklesiidan 1926 w.
saqarTveloSi
Zveli Cveulebis mixedviT morwmune adamiani, rasac karg, uCveulo nivTs
SemTxveviT ipovida, yvelafers soflis xats, eklesias swiravda da nivTis gatana
did mkrexelobad iTvleboda. aqedan gamomdinare unda vifiqroT, rom gorisas
qandakeba miwis samuSaoebis drosaa aRmoCenili, miT umetess arqeologiuri
gaTxrebis Sedegad saCxeris raionSi mravladaa aRmoCenili winare da adreantikuri
xanis materialuri masala [j. nadiraZe,
1990: 8-22].
aseTi tipis
qandakebani saqarTvelos teritoriaze mravlad gvxvdeba. gurjaanis raionis sofel
melaanis samxreTiT, Svidiode kilometris manZilze, ,,Savxis goris” ZirSi Zvel
samlocvelo ,,meli-Rele I”-is qveda kulturul fenaSi sxvadasxva materialur
nivTebTan erTad mopovebuli iqna brinjaos SiSveli qalis Svidi qandakeba [k. ficxelauri, 1973: 112, 113, t. IV1.
XI]. yvela isini nayofierebis simboloebadaa miCneuli, romelTa
monawileobiT saweso wes-Cveulebebi ,,meli-Rele”-s samlocveloze RmerTebis didi
dedis sapativcemulod sruldeboda.
yvela es
qandakeba, agreTve sairmesa da balanTaSi napovni brinjaos mdedrobiTi figurebi,
Zv.w. IX-VII saukuniTaa daTariRebuli [g.
javaxiSvili, 1984: 54,55, t. XI, XII. sur. 28,29]. isini poziT,
proporciulobiT, Zerwvis maneriT axlos dganan sof. gorisas qandakebasTan.
amdenad, SesaZlebelia am ukanasknelis igive epoqiT daTariReba.
gorisas
figuris Sesrulebis manera gvafiqrebinebs, rom igi gankuTvnili ar unda yofiliyo
romelime didi TemisaTvis Tu tomisaTvis. qandakeba romelime konkretuli ojaxis
nayofierebis mfarvel RvTaebad unda miviCnioT. es aris qali, romlezedac
damokidebulia ojaxis modgmis gagrZeleba [d.
berZeniSvili, 1985: 64].
gansakuTrebul
interess iwvevs saqarTveloSi ,,RmerTebis didi dedis” kultis gavrcelebaze
miuTiTebs quTaisis muzeumis eqspoziciaSi warmodgenili qalis brinjaos iTifaluri
qandakeba (sur.7), romelic 1982 w.
mikvleuli iqna sof. geguTSi (wyaltubos r.) [d.
berZeniSvili, 1985: 64].
qandakebis
(simaRle-11,5 sm.) msubuqad gamoyvanil welze SeimCneva odnav amoburculi Wipi da
mkerdi; yelmoRerebuli Tavi koxtad adgas tors; saxe kargad aris modelirebuli.
miuxedavad imisa, rom Tvalebi odnav SeimCneva, Zalian nazadaa gamosaxuli da
mzera usasrulobiskenaa mimarTuli; aqvs swori cxviri, patara piri da mrgvali
yurebi. saxis nakvTebi daxvewiladaa gadmocemuli. axuravs Tavsaburi da ukana
mxares Tma kefasTan aqvs Sekruli.
biustis
nawilTa monacvleoba qmnis ritms, romelic gaZlierebulia gaSlili marjvena xelis
moqmedebiT (marcxena xeli da marjvena xelis mtevani Camotexilia), aseTi
mdgomareoba didi emociuri ZaliT gamoirCeva da Sinagani dinamikis STabeWdilebis
gamomsaxvelia.
proporciuloba
da formis plastikurobis garkveuli kompaqturoba daculia sxeulis zeda da qveda
nawilebs Soris. sajdomi, fexi, odnav moxrili muxli figuris saerTo ansablSi
arian Camjdari da urTierTSexamebulia. erTaderTi, rac sxeulis proporciulobas
arRvevs, sakmaod didi marjvena fexis terfia (marcxena fexis terfi motexilia).
sxeulis formebi Tavisuflad aris gaSlili sivrceSi,
figuras axasiaTebs formaTa simrgvale, gamoirCeva didi emociuri ZaliT,
daxvewilobiT da maRali plastikuri RirsebiT.
figuris
Sinagani energiis gadmocemis dros gamoxatulia misi arsi _ bunebis nayofiereba
da cxovrebis maradiuloba.
marTalia,
statuetkis zedapiri zedmetad forovania da mdare xarisxovani brinjaosganaa
damzadebuli, magram misi ostati mainc Cans namdvili xelovani, romelsac sakuTari
mxatvruli xedva, daxvewili gemovneba da azrovneba gaaCnia da brwyinvaled flobs
qandakebis damzadebis xelovnebas, aSkarad Cans Sesrulebis ostatoba da cocxali
naturis SegrZneba.
qalis figura
geguTidan stilisturad axlos dgas goris raionis brinjaos anTropomorful
qandakebasTan [g. javaxiSvili, 1980:
54].
Cveni azriT, geguTSi mopovebuli qandakeba
miekuTvneba gvianibrinjaos da adreulirkinis xanis ukanasknel etaps, igi
damzadebuli unda iyos Zv. w. VII-VI saukuneebSi.
ganxilul qandakebebs metnaklebad etyoba ostatTa
Sesrulebis stili individualuri manera plastikur formaTa gamomsaxveloba da
Sinagani xazobrivi ritmi.
Cvens mier ganxiluli qandakebebi gvianibrinjaos da
adreulirkinis xanis Zeglebia. es aris epoqa, rodesac saqarTvelos teritoriaze
iwyeba pirvelyofili Temuri wyobilebis rRveva, viTardeba xelosnoba, vaWroba,
ufro intesiuri xdeba miwaTmoqmedeba. ganviTarebis maRal dones aRwevs keramikuli
warmoeba, romelic ukve farTod iyenebs swrafmbrunav morgs.
samarxebSi mravlad gvxvdeba nairsaxovani brinjaos
samkauli. Zv. w. XIV s-dan Cndeba rkinisagan damzadebuli iaraRi da
gansakuTrebiT farTo masStabebs aRwevs
Zv. w. VIII-VII saukuneebSi, rasac TvalsaCinod mowmobs namosaxlarebsa da
samarovnebze mravlad aRmoCenili mravalferovani rkinis sameurneo da saomari
iaraRebi. arsebobda brinjaos ornamentirebuli sartylebis damzadebis adgilobrivi
centrebi, romelic ,,kavkasiuri cxoveluri stilis” saxeliTaa cnobili. Camoyalibda
religiuri msoflmxedveloba. mzaddeba procesi adreuli klasobrivi saxelmwifos
SeqmnisaTvis yovelive amis safuZvelze Camoyalibebas iwyebs RvTaebaTa skulpturuli gamosaxulebani. qandakebis
ganviTareba organuladaa dakavSirebuli kolxur culebTan, mxatvrul keramikasTan da
gansakuTrebiT brinjaos gravirebul sartyelebTan [m. xidaSeli, 1982], sadac aSkaraa brinjaos plastikis maRali done da
romlebzedac gvxvdeba gravirebuli miTologiuri siuJetebi, romelic qarTul
folklor5Si da da zRaprebSia Semonaxuli.
Ddamowmebuli literatura
1.
S. amiranaSvili, 1971 _ S. amiranaSvili, qarTuli
xelovnebis istoria, Tb., 1971
2. e. antonova, 1977 _Е. Антонова, Антропоморфная скульптура древних землделсев Передней и Средней
Азии, Мос., 1977
3. v. bardaveliZe, 1957 _ В. Бардавелидзе Древнейшие религиозные
верования и обрядовое графические искусство, Тб., 1957
4. m. beriSvili, z. sxirtlaZe, 1984 _ m. beriSvili, z. sxirtlaZe, TrialeTis vercxlis
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Sromebi, VI Tb., 1984
5. d. berZeniSvili, 1985 _ d. berZeniSvili, sami antrofomorfuli qandakeba quTaisis
muzeumidan, quTaisis saxelmwifo istoriuli muzeumis Sromebi, V quT., 1985
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kavkasiis istoriisaTvis, nakv. II, Tb., 1941
7. i. kikviZe, 1976 _ i. kikviZe, miwaTmoqmedeba da samiwaTmoqmedo kulti Zvel saqarTveloSi,
Tb., 1976
8. m. kosveni, 1971 _ m. kosveni, pirvelyofili kulturis istoriis narkvevebi, Tb., 1971
9. n. keWeRmaZe, 1961 _ n. keWeRmaZe, flavius ariane, ,,mogzauroba Savi zRvis garSemo” Tb., 1961
10. b. kuftini, 1941 _ Б. Куфтин, Археолигические раскопкы
в Триалети Тб., 1941
11. s. makalaTia, 1926 _ s.
makalaTia, falosis kulti saqarTveloSi, mimomxilveli, Tb., 1926
12. s. makalaTia, 1934 _ s. makalaTia, xevsureTi Tb., 1934
13. j. nadiraZe, 1990 _ j. nadiraZe,
sairxe saqarTvelos uZvelesi qalaqi, wig., I Tb., 1990
14. j. ruxaZe, 1966 _ j. ruxaZe, qarTuli xalxuri dResaswauli, Tb., 1966
15. j. ruxaZe, 1982 _ j. ruxaZe, vanis dRiris furclebi, Tb., 1982
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Мос., 1989
17. d. tompsoni, 1958 _ Д. Томлсон, Иследования по истории древнегреческого обшества, Мос., 1958
18. n. uruSaZe, 1988 _ Н. Урушадзе, Древнегрузинское пластическое искусство, Тб., 1988
19. k. ficxelauri, 1973 _ k. ficxelauri, armosavleT saqarTvelos tomTa istoriis ZiriTadi
problemebi (Zv. w. XV-VII ss.) Tb., 1973
20. qarTlis cxovreba, 1975 _ qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnawerebis mixedviT
s. yauxCiSvilis mier, t. I Tb., 1975
21. l. Steribergi, 1936 _ Л. Штериберг, Первобитная религия,
Лен., 1936
22. t. CubinaSvili, 1978 _ t. CubinaSvili, erTi daTariRebis cda nayofierebis kultis istoriidan,
saqarTvelos arqeologiis sakiTxebi, I, Tb., 1978
23. l. wiTlaniZe, 1976 _ l. wiTlaniZe, xevis arqeologiuri Zeglebi, Tb., 1978
24. n. wulukiZe, 2014 _ n. wulukiZe, qarTuli miTosis induri fesvebi, Tb., 2014
25. m. xidaSeli, 1982 _ m. xidaSeli, centraluri amierkavkasiis grafikuli xelovneba adreuli
rkinis xanaSi, Tb., 1982
26. m. xidaSeli, 1984 _ М. Хидашели, Антропоморфные божества
ранеземледельческих рлемен южного кавказа,kavkasiur-aRmosavluri
krebuli, Tb., 1984
27. g. javaxiSvili, 1980 _ g. javaxiSvili, oTxi anTropomorfuli figura,
krebuli ,,Zeglis megobari”, #54 Tb., 1980
28. g. javaxiSvili, 1984 _ g. javaxiSvili, anTropomorfuli plastika warmarTuli xanis saqarTveloSi,
Tb., 1984
29. iv. javaxiSvili, 1979 _ iv. javaxiSvili, qarTveli eris istoria, Tb., 1979
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